Laodamia by William Wordsworth , introduction and summary in Hindi

 Introduction "Laodamia"

"Laodamia" is a narrative poem by William Wordsworth, first published in 1815 and later significantly revised in 1845. It is considered one of the masterpieces of Wordsworth's mature period, noted for its calm, noble tone and a shift toward a more classical atmosphere compared to his earlier Romantic works. The poem recounts a tragic episode from the Trojan War, focusing on the intense grief of Laodamia following the death of her husband, Protesilaus.

Source

Wordsworth drew heavily from classical mythology and literature for this work. The primary narrative is based on the legend of Protesilaus, the first Greek hero to die at Troy, who sacrificed himself to fulfill an oracle. Specific literary influences include Virgil’s Aeneid (Book VI), Ovid’s Heroides, and Euripides’ Iphigenia in Aulis. Furthermore, the poem's concluding image of the withering trees atop Protesilaus's tomb was inspired by a passage in Pliny’s Natural History. Some scholars also suggest the poem is influenced by Wordsworth’s personal history, including his grief over the death of two of his children in 1812 and his past relationship with Annette Vallon.

Theme

The central theme of the poem is the discipline of the soul and the danger of uncontrolled, "rebellious passion". The ghost of Protesilaus acts as a moral guide, rebuking Laodamia for her tumultuous love and teaching her that the gods approve of the "depth, and not the tumult, of the soul". Other key themes include:

• Aspiration to a "Higher Object": Love is portrayed as a means to ascend spiritually and annul the selfish ego rather than seeking earthly, bodily possession.
• Justice vs. Pity: The poem explores the tension between the "just Gods" who punish Laodamia's refusal to submit to fate and the human perspective that believes "tears to human suffering are due".
• Mortal Limitation: It highlights the "unsubstantial" nature of earthly joys, which are easily destroyed by death, contrasted with the "majestic pains" and "calm pleasures" of the afterlife.

Structure

"Laodamia" is a narrative poem composed in six-line stanzas. The structure is defined by several distinct features:

• Rhyme Scheme: The stanzas follow an ababcc rhyme pattern.
• Dramatic Progression: The poem begins with Laodamia's fervent prayer and a miraculous visitation by Hermes (Mercury) leading the spirit of Protesilaus. It then shifts into an extended dialogue between the husband and wife, which serves as a moral and psychological debate.
• Revised Conclusions: The ending underwent significant structural changes over several decades. In the 1815 version, Laodamia was treated more leniently, but by 1845, Wordsworth altered the structure to conclude with her condemnation for her "wilful crime" of passion.
• Natural Memorial: The poem ends with a description of the spiry trees on the Hellespont, providing a cyclical image of "growth and blight" that serves as a permanent memorial to the couple's tragedy.

William Wordsworth की कविता "Laodamia" उनके "mature period" की एक उत्कृष्ट Narrative Poem है, जो 1815 में प्रकाशित हुई थी। यह कविता "Trojan War" की एक क्लासिकल कहानी पर आधारित है और इसमें Protesilaus और उसकी पत्नी Laodamia के बीच के दुखद प्रेम और आध्यात्मिक संघर्ष को दर्शाया गया है।

यहाँ इस कविता का एक अत्यंत विस्तृत सारांश (Detailed Summary) दिया गया है:

1. पृष्ठभूमि और प्रार्थना (Background and Prayer)

कविता की शुरुआत Laodamia की प्रार्थना से होती है। उसका पति, Protesilaus, Trojan War में शहीद होने वाला पहला ग्रीक नायक (Greek Hero) था। उसने जानबूझकर खुद का बलिदान दिया था क्योंकि एक Delphic Oracle (भविष्यवाणी) ने कहा था कि जो ग्रीक सबसे पहले ट्रॉय की धरती पर कदम रखेगा, उसकी मृत्यु निश्चित है।

Laodamia अपने पति के वियोग में अत्यधिक दुखी है और "Infernal Gods" (पाताल के देवताओं) से मन्नत मांगती है कि उसके पति को कम से कम एक बार उसके सामने लाया जाए। उसकी "fervent love" और विश्वास को देखकर देवता उसकी प्रार्थना स्वीकार कर लेते हैं।

2. Protesilaus की वापसी और विफलता (The Return and the Failed Embrace)

देवताओं के दूत Hermes (Mercury), Protesilaus की आत्मा को तीन घंटे के लिए धरती पर लाते हैं। जब Laodamia अपने पति को देखती है, तो वह खुशी और डर (terror and joy) के बीच झूलने लगती है। वह अपने पति को चूमने और गले लगाने के लिए आगे बढ़ती है, लेकिन Protesilaus अब एक शरीर नहीं, बल्कि एक "unsubstantial Form" या "Phantom" (भूतिया रूप) है। वह जितनी बार उसे पकड़ने की कोशिश करती है, वह उतनी बार उसकी पकड़ से फिसल जाता है।

3. नैतिक संवाद और निर्देश (Moral Dialogue and Instruction)

Protesilaus अपनी मृत्यु की कहानी सुनाता है कि कैसे उसने "generous cause" के लिए खुद को समर्पित किया था। वह देखता है कि उसकी पत्नी का प्यार अभी भी बहुत भौतिक और इंद्रियजन्य (sensual) है। जब Laodamia उससे एक "nuptial kiss" (वैवाहिक चुंबन) की मांग करती है, तो आसमान में Jove (बृहस्पति देवता) क्रोधित हो जाते हैं और Protesilaus के होठों पर मौत का नीला रंग (Stygian hue) छा जाता है।

Protesilaus उसे एक गहरा जीवन दर्शन सिखाता है। वह कहता है कि देवताओं को "the depth, and not the tumult, of the soul" (आत्मा की गहराई, न कि उसका शोर/उग्रता) पसंद है। वह उसे समझाता है कि सांसारिक खुशियाँ (Earthly raptures) क्षणभंगुर हैं, जबकि मृत्यु के बाद के संसार में "Calm pleasures" और "majestic pains" होते हैं।

4. Laodamia का तर्क (Laodamia's Counter-argument)

Laodamia अपने पति की बातों को पूरी तरह स्वीकार नहीं कर पाती। वह प्राचीन कथाओं का उदाहरण देती है कि कैसे Hercules ने Alcestis को मौत के मुंह से निकाला था और Medea ने जादू से Aeson को पुनर्जीवित किया था। उसका मानना है कि प्रेम किसी भी दैवीय नियम या जादू से कहीं अधिक शक्तिशाली है। वह कहती है कि यदि वह (Protesilaus) वापस चला गया, तो वह भी उसके पीछे चली आएगी।

5. Elysium का वर्णन (Description of Elysium)

Protesilaus उसे Elysium के सुंदर वातावरण के बारे में बताता है, जहाँ हवा अधिक शुद्ध है और नदियाँ अधिक स्वच्छ हैं। वह बताता है कि वहां की सुंदरता को पृथ्वी का सूरज भी नहीं देख सकता। वह स्वीकार करता है कि जब वह जीवित था, तब भी वह अपनी पत्नी की यादों और सांसारिक सुखों (unfinished towers and cities) में खोया रहता था, लेकिन अब उसने अपनी भावनाओं को उच्च उद्देश्यों (higher objects) की ओर मोड़ दिया है।

उसका सबसे बड़ा उपदेश यह है कि प्रेम इसलिए दिया गया था ताकि मनुष्य ऊपर उठ सके ("to make us ascend") और अपने अहंकार को समाप्त कर सके ("self might be annulled")।

6. कविता का दुखद अंत (The Tragic Conclusion)

तीन घंटे का समय समाप्त होते ही Hermes वापस प्रकट होते हैं। Laodamia फिर से अपने पति को रोकने की कोशिश करती है, लेकिन वह अदृश्य हो जाता है। वियोग के इस तीव्र झटके को सहन न कर पाने के कारण Laodamia महल के फर्श पर बेजान होकर गिर जाती है और उसकी मृत्यु हो जाती है।

कविता के 1845 के संस्करण में Wordsworth ने उसकी नियति को और अधिक कठोर बना दिया। उसे उसके "wilful crime" (अपने जुनून को नियंत्रित न कर पाने के अपराध) के लिए देवताओं द्वारा दंडित किया जाता है और उसे उन आत्माओं से अलग कर दिया जाता है जो शांतिपूर्ण उपवनों में रहती हैं।

7. प्राकृतिक स्मारक: सूखते हुए पेड़ (The Spiry Trees)

कविता का अंत एक प्रसिद्ध पौराणिक छवि के साथ होता है। Protesilaus की कब्र पर कुछ पेड़ (spiry trees) उगे थे। ऐसा माना जाता था कि जब भी ये पेड़ इतने ऊँचे होते कि उन्हें दूर से Troy (Ilium) की दीवारें दिखने लगतीं, तो वे ऊपर से सूख जाते थे। यह दृश्य उनके प्रेम और विनाश की निरंतर याद दिलाता रहता है, जिसे Wordsworth ने "constant interchange of growth and blight" कहा है।

महत्वपूर्ण विषय और व्याख्या (Themes & Interpretation):

• Passion vs. Reason: कविता यह संदेश देती है कि अनियंत्रित जुनून विनाशकारी होता है।
• Higher Object: प्रेम का वास्तविक अर्थ वासना नहीं, बल्कि आध्यात्मिक उत्थान है।
• Biographical Context: विद्वानों का मानना है कि यह कविता Wordsworth द्वारा 1812 में अपने दो बच्चों की मृत्यु के शोक और अपनी पूर्व प्रेमिका Annette Vallon के साथ उनके जटिल संबंधों की भावनाओं को दर्शाती है।

यह कविता Wordsworth के क्लासिकल साहित्य के प्रति उनके लगाव और उनके जीवन के उत्तरार्ध में आए नैतिक बदलाव का एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रमाण है।

Laodamia by William Wordsworth

1

"With sacrifice before the rising morn 

Vows have I made by fruitless hope inspired; 

And from the infernal Gods, 'mid shades forlorn 

Of night, my slaughtered Lord have I required: 

Celestial pity I again implore;—

 Restore him to my sight—great Jove, restore!"

2

So speaking, and by fervent love endowed 

With faith, the Suppliant heavenward lifts her hands; 

While, like the sun emerging from a cloud,

 Her countenance brightens—and her eye expands; 

Her bosom heaves and spreads, her stature grows; 

As she expects the issue in repose.

3

O terror! what hath she perceived?—O joy! 

What doth she look on?—whom doth she behold? 

Her Hero slain upon the beach of Troy?

 His vital presence? his corporeal mould? 

It is—if sense deceive her not—'tis He! 

And a God leads him, wingèd Mercury!

4

Mild Hermes spake—and touched her with his wand

 That calms all fear; "Such grace hath crowned thy prayer,

 Laodamía! that at Jove's command 

Thy husband walks the paths of upper air: 

He comes to tarry with thee three hours' space; 

Accept the gift, behold him face to face!"

5

Forth sprang the impassioned Queen her Lord to clasp; 

Again that consummation she essayed;

 But unsubstantial Form eludes her grasp 

As often as that eager grasp was made.

 The Phantom parts—but parts to re-unite, 

And re-assume his place before her sight.

6

"Protesiláus, lo! thy guide is gone! 

Confirm, I pray, the vision with thy voice:

 This is our palace,—yonder is thy throne; 

Speak, and the floor thou tread'st on will rejoice. 

Not to appal me have the gods bestowed

 This precious boon; and blest a sad abode."

7

"Great Jove, Laodamía! doth not leave

 His gifts imperfect:—Spectre though I be,

 I am not sent to scare thee or deceive;

 But in reward of thy fidelity. 

And something also did my worth obtain;

 For fearless virtue bringeth boundless gain.

8

"Thou knowest, the Delphic oracle foretold

That the first Greek who touched the Trojan strand Should 

die; but me the threat could not withhold: 

A generous cause a victim did demand;

 And forth I leapt upon the sandy plain; 

A self-devoted chief—by Hector slain."

9

"Supreme of Heroes—bravest, noblest, best! 

Thy matchless courage I bewail no more, 

Which then, when tens of thousands were deprest

 By doubt, propelled thee to the fatal shore; 

Thou found'st—and I forgive thee—here thou art—

 A nobler counsellor than my poor heart.

10

"But thou, though capable of sternest deed, 

Wert kind as resolute, and good as brave;

 And he, whose power restores thee, hath decreed 

Thou should'st elude the malice of the grave:

 Redundant are thy locks, thy lips as fair 

As when their breath enriched Thessalian air.

11

"No spectre greets me,—no vain Shadow this; 

Come, blooming Hero, place thee by my side! 

Give, on this well-known couch, one nuptial kiss

 To me, this day a second time thy bride!" 

Jove frowned in heaven: the conscious Parcæ threw

 Upon those roseate lips a Stygian hue.

12

"This visage tells thee that my doom is past: 

Nor should the change be mourned, even if the joys 

Of sense were able to return as fast And surely as t

hey vanish. Earth destroys 

Those raptures duly—Erebus disdains: 

Calm pleasures there abide—majestic pains.

13

"Be taught, O faithful Consort, to control 

Rebellious passion: for the Gods approve 

The depth, and not the tumult, of the soul; 

A fervent, not ungovernable love. 

Thy transports moderate; and meekly mourn 

When I depart, for brief is my sojourn—"

14

"Ah wherefore?—Did not Hercules by force 

Wrest from the guardian monster of the tomb 

Alcestis, a reanimated corse,

 Given back to dwell on earth in vernal bloom? 

Medea's spells dispersed the weight of years, 

And Æson stood a youth 'mid youthful peers.

15

"The Gods to us are merciful—and they 

Yet further may relent: for mightier far 

Than strength of nerve and sinew, or the sway

 Of magic potent over sun and star,

 Is love, though oft to agony distrest, 

And though his favourite seat be feeble woman's breast.

16

"But if thou goest, I follow—" "Peace!" he said,—

 She looked upon him and was calmed and cheered; 

The ghastly colour from his lips had fled;

 In his deportment, shape, and mien, appeared

 Elysian beauty, melancholy grace,

 Brought from a pensive though a happy place.

17

He spake of love, such love as Spirits feel 

In worlds whose course is equable and pure; 

No fears to beat away—no strife to heal— 

The past unsighed for, and the future sure; 

Spake of heroic arts in graver mood 

Revived, with finer harmony pursued;

18

Of all that is most beauteous—imaged there

 In happier beauty; more pellucid streams, 

An ampler ether, a diviner air,

And fields invested with purpureal gleams; 

Climes which the sun, who sheds the brightest day 

Earth knows, is all unworthy to survey.

19

Yet there the Soul shall enter which hath earned 

That privilege by virtue.—"Ill," said he, 

"The end of man's existence I discerned, 

Who from ignoble games and revelry 

Could draw, when we had parted, vain delight, 

While tears were thy best pastime, day and night;

20

"And while my youthful peers before my eyes

 (Each hero following his peculiar bent)

 Prepared themselves for glorious enterprise 

By martial sports,—or, seated in the tent, 

Chieftains and kings in council were detained;

 What time the fleet at Aulis lay enchained.

21

"The wished-for wind was given:—I then revolved 

The oracle, upon the silent sea;

 And, if no worthier led the way, resolved 

That, of a thousand vessels, mine should be 

The foremost prow in pressing to the strand,—

 Mine the first blood that tinged the Trojan sand.

22

"Yet bitter, oft-times bitter, was the pang 

When of thy loss I thought, belovèd Wife! 

On thee too fondly did my memory hang,

And on the joys we shared in mortal life,— 

The paths which we had trod—these fountains, flowers:

 My new-planned cities, and unfinished towers.

23

"But should suspense permit the Foe to cry,

 'Behold they tremble!—haughty their array,

 Yet of their numbers no one dares to die?' 

In soul I swept the indignity away: 

Old frailties then recurred:—but lofty thought,

 In act embodied, my deliverance wrought.

24

"And Thou, though strong in love, art all too weak

 In reason, in self-government too slow; 

I counsel thee by fortitude to seek 

Our blest re-union in the shades below. 

The invisible world with thee hath sympathised;

 Be thy affections raised and solemnised.

25

"Learn, by a mortal yearning, to ascend— 

Seeking a higher object. Love was given, 

Encouraged, sanctioned, chiefly for that end;

 For this the passion to excess was driven— 

That self might be annulled: her bondage prove

The fetters of a dream opposed to love.—

26

Aloud she shrieked! for Hermes re-appears!

 Round the dear Shade she would have clung—'tis vain: 

The hours are past—too brief had they been years;

 And him no mortal effort can detain:

Swift, toward the realms that know not earthly day, 

He through the portal takes his silent way, 

27

And on the palace-floor a lifeless corse She lay. Thus, all in vain exhorted and reproved, 

She perished; and, as for a wilful crime,

 By the just Gods whom no weak pity moved, 

Was doomed to wear out her appointed time,

 Apart from happy Ghosts, that gather flowers 

Of blissful quiet 'mid unfading bowers.

28

—Yet tears to human suffering are due; 

And mortal hopes defeated and o'erthrown 

Are mourned by man, and not by man alone, 

As fondly he believes.

—Upon the side Of Hellespont 

(such faith was entertained) 

29

A knot of spiry trees for ages grew

 From out the tomb of him for whom she died; 

And ever, when such stature they had gained 

That Ilium's walls were subject to their view,

 The trees' tall summits withered at the sight;

 A constant interchange of growth and blight!

100 Difficult Meanings of "Laodamia"

1. Fruitless (Stanza 1): Producing no results or success; बिना फल के.
2. Shades forlorn (Stanza 1): Sad or lonely spirits in the underworld; दुखी या अकेली आत्माएं.
3. Required (Stanza 1): In this context, it means "demanded back" from the gods; वापस मांगा.
4. Celestial (Stanza 1): Relating to heaven or the gods; दैवीय या स्वर्ग का.
5. Jove (Stanza 1): Another name for Jupiter, the king of the Roman gods; देवताओं के राजा.
6. Fervent (Stanza 2): Having or displaying a passionate intensity; अत्यधिक तीव्र या उत्साही.
7. Suppliant (Stanza 2): A person making a humble or earnest plea; प्रार्थना करने वाला.
8. Countenance (Stanza 2): A person's face or facial expression; चेहरे के हाव-भाव.
9. Repose (Stanza 2): A state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; शांति या विश्राम.
10. Corporeal mould (Stanza 3): The physical, bodily form as opposed to a spirit; शारीरिक ढांचा.
11. Hermes (Stanza 3): The messenger god (Mercury) who leads souls to the underworld; देवताओं के दूत.
12. Tarry (Stanza 4): To stay longer than intended; delay leaving; रुकना या ठहरना.
13. Consummation (Stanza 5): The point at which something is complete; here, an embrace; पूर्णता या मिलन.
14. Essayed (Stanza 5): Attempted or tried to do something; प्रयास किया.
15. Unsubstantial (Stanza 5): Having no physical existence; ghostly; अवास्तविक या निराकार.
16. Phantom (Stanza 5): A ghost or figment of the imagination; छाया या प्रेत.
17. Appal (Stanza 6): To greatly dismay or horrify; डराना या भयभीत करना.
18. Boon (Stanza 6): A thing that is helpful or beneficial; a favor or gift; वरदान.
19. Abode (Stanza 6): A place of residence; a home; निवास स्थान.
20. Spectre (Stanza 7): A ghost or spirit; छाया या प्रेत.
21. Fidelity (Stanza 7): Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief; निष्ठा या वफादारी.
22. Delphic oracle (Stanza 8): The prophecy from the temple of Apollo at Delphi; दैवीय भविष्यवाणी.
23. Strand (Stanza 8): The shore of a sea, lake, or large river; समुद्र तट.
24. Victim (Stanza 8): A person harmed or killed as a sacrifice; शिकार या बलि.
25. Self-devoted (Stanza 8): Voluntarily sacrificing oneself for a cause; आत्म-समर्पित.
26. Matchless (Stanza 9): So good as to be unequal; incomparable; अतुलनीय.
27. Bewail (Stanza 9): To express great regret or bitterness; विलाप करना.
28. Deprest (Stanza 9): Discouraged or disheartened (archaic spelling of depressed); हतोत्साहित.
29. Fatal (Stanza 9): Leading to failure or disaster; in this case, death; घातक या प्राणलेवा.
30. Counsellor (Stanza 9): A person who gives advice; सलाहकार.
31. Sternest (Stanza 10): Serious and unrelenting; most severe; सबसे कठोर.
32. Resolute (Stanza 10): Admirably purposeful and unwavering; दृढ़निश्चयी.
33. Redundant (Stanza 10): In this archaic sense, it means profuse or flowing (referring to hair); घने या लहराते बाल.
34. Thessalian (Stanza 10): Relating to Thessaly, a region in Greece; थिसली क्षेत्र का.
35. Nuptial (Stanza 11): Relating to marriage or weddings; वैवाहिक.
36. Parcæ (Stanza 11): The three Fates of Roman mythology who control human destiny; नियति की देवियां.
37. Roseate (Stanza 11): Rose-colored or promising; गुलाबी या आशाजनक.
38. Stygian hue (Stanza 11): A dark, deathly color related to the River Styx; मृत्यु जैसा काला रंग.
39. Visage (Stanza 12): A person's face, with reference to the form or features; मुखाकृति.
40. Doom (Stanza 12): Death, destruction, or some other terrible fate; कयामत या अंत.
41. Erebus (Stanza 12): A region of the underworld; often used to mean Hades or death; पाताल.
42. Disdains (Stanza 12): Considers to be unworthy of consideration; तिरस्कार करना.
43. Majestic (Stanza 12): Having or showing impressive beauty or dignity; प्रतापी या राजसी.
44. Consort (Stanza 13): A wife, husband, or companion; जीवनसाथी.
45. Rebellious (Stanza 13): Showing a desire to resist authority or control; विद्रोही.
46. Tumult (Stanza 13): A state of noisy confusion or emotional agitation; कोलाहल या अशांति.
47. Ungovernable (Stanza 13): Impossible to control or govern; अनियंत्रित.
48. Transports (Stanza 13): Overwhelming emotions or ecstasies; भावनाओं का आवेग.
49. Moderate (Stanza 13): To make or become less extreme; नियंत्रित करना.
50. Sojourn (Stanza 13): A temporary stay; अस्थायी निवास.
51. Wrest (Stanza 14): To forcibly pull something from a person's grasp; बलपूर्वक छीनना.
52. Alcestis (Stanza 14): A mythological queen who died for her husband and was brought back; एल्सेस्टिस.
53. Reanimated (Stanza 14): Brought back to life or vigor; पुनर्जीवित.
54. Corse (Stanza 14): A corpse or dead body; लाश या शव.
55. Vernal bloom (Stanza 14): The freshness and beauty of springtime; वसंत की ताज़गी.
56. Medea (Stanza 14): A powerful sorceress in Greek mythology; मेडिया जादूगरनी.
57. Æson (Stanza 14): The father of Jason, who was restored to youth by Medea; ईसन.
58. Relent (Stanza 15): To abandon a harsh intention; दया दिखाना.
59. Sinew (Stanza 15): A piece of tough fibrous tissue uniting muscle to bone; मांसपेशियों की शक्ति.
60. Potent (Stanza 15): Having great power, influence, or effect; शक्तिशाली.
61. Deportment (Stanza 16): A person's behavior or manners; आचरण.
62. Mien (Stanza 16): A person's appearance or manner indicating character; अंदाज़.
63. Elysian (Stanza 16): Relating to Elysium, the paradise of the afterlife; स्वर्ग जैसा.
64. Pensive (Stanza 16): Engaged in deep or serious thought; विचारमग्न.
65. Equable (Stanza 17): Not easily disturbed; calm and even-tempered; शांत और स्थिर.
66. Unsighed for (Stanza 17): Not regretted or mourned; जिसके लिए शोक न किया गया हो.
67. Heroic arts (Stanza 17): Noble or grand skills and activities; वीर कलाएं.
68. Pellucid (Stanza 18): Translucently clear; पारदर्शी या साफ.
69. Ampler (Stanza 18): Larger or more extensive; विशाल.
70. Ether (Stanza 18): The clear sky or upper regions of air; आकाश या अंतरिक्ष.
71. Purpureal gleams (Stanza 18): Purple or brilliantly colored light; बैंगनी चमक.
72. Climes (Stanza 18): Regions considered with reference to their climate; जलवायु क्षेत्र.
73. Discerned (Stanza 19): Perceived or recognized; पहचाना या देखा.
74. Ignoble (Stanza 19): Not honorable in character or purpose; base; अधम या नीच.
75. Revelry (Stanza 19): Lively and noisy festivities; मौज-मस्ती.
76. Martial (Stanza 20): Relating to fighting or war; युद्ध संबंधी.
77. Chieftains (Stanza 20): The leaders of a people or clan; सरदार या मुखिया.
78. Aulis (Stanza 20): The Greek port where the fleet was delayed; ऑलिस बंदरगाह.
79. Enchained (Stanza 20): Confined or held back as if by chains; जंजीरों में बंधा हुआ.
80. Revolved (Stanza 21): Thought over or considered; विचार किया.
81. Prow (Stanza 21): The portion of a ship's bow above water; जहाज का अगला हिस्सा.
82. Tinged (Stanza 21): Colored slightly; रंगा हुआ.
83. Fondly (Stanza 22): With affection; here, perhaps excessively; लाड़-प्यार से.
84. Suspense (Stanza 23): A state of anxious uncertainty; दुविधा.
85. Indignity (Stanza 23): Treatment that causes one to feel shame; अपमान.
86. Recurred (Stanza 23): Occurred again; पुनः हुआ.
87. Deliverance (Stanza 23): The action of being rescued or set free; मुक्ति.
88. Fortitude (Stanza 24): Courage in pain or adversity; सहनशक्ति या धैर्य.
89. Affections (Stanza 24): A gentle feeling of fondness or liking; स्नेह.
90. Solemnised (Stanza 24): To make serious or dignified; गंभीर बनाना.
91. Yearning (Stanza 25): A feeling of intense longing; तीव्र लालसा.
92. Sanctioned (Stanza 25): Given official permission or approval; स्वीकृत.
93. Annulled (Stanza 25): Meaning the self is extinguished or invalidated; समाप्त या शून्य.
94. Fetters (Stanza 25): Chains used to restrain a prisoner; बेड़ियाँ.
95. Perished (Stanza 27): Died, especially in a violent or sudden way; मारा गया या नष्ट हुआ.
96. Wilful (Stanza 27): Intentional; deliberate; जानबूझकर किया गया.
97. Spiry trees (Stanza 28): Trees that are pointed or tapering like a spire; शंक्वाकार पेड़.
98. Ilium (Stanza 28): Another name for the ancient city of Troy; इलियम या ट्रॉय.
99. Withered (Stanza 28): Shriveled or decayed; सूख गए या मुरझा गए.
100. Blight (Stanza 28): A thing that spoils or damages something; विनाश या अभिशाप.